Ancient Stagira

**Because he is «the First Teacher» in the Arabic philosophical tradition — and through it much of Greek philosophy returned to Europe.** ✅ **The translation**: Aristotle's works were translated into **Arabic** at the **House of Wisdom** in Abbasid Baghdad — the logic, the physics, the metaphysics and the ethics — **making him central to Islamic thought**. ✅ **The title**: Muslim philosophers called him **«the First Teacher»** (**al-Farabi** was called «the Second Teacher» for expounding him) — **which indicates his standing**. ✅ **The commentators**: **al-Farabi**, **Ibn Sina** and **Ibn Rushd** all commented on him — ⚠ **and Ibn Rushd's commentaries in particular** (known in Latin Europe simply as **«the Commentator»**) **were translated into Latin** in al-Andalus and Sicily, **restoring Aristotle to a Europe** that had lost most of his texts. ✅ **The consequence**: European **scholastic philosophy** and the work of Thomas Aquinas were built on that. ⚠ **The reception was not mere copying**: **Ibn Rushd argued with him and al-Ghazali criticised him** in *The Incoherence of the Philosophers* — **so it was a dialogue, not a transmission**. ✅ **And he was born here** in 384 BC.