Sant Pere de Galligants

**The difference is in how the roof is carried — everything else you see follows from that.** ✅ **Romanesque (about 1000–1200)**: ⚠ **rests on **the round arch** and the barrel vault** — ✅ **which push outward strongly along the whole length of the wall**; **so the wall must be very thick**, ⚠ **and windows small and few, because every opening weakens it**. ✅ **The result**: **heavy buildings, relatively low, dark, solid-looking** — **like fortresses**. ✅ **Gothic (about 1150–1500)**: ⚠ **rests on three innovations together**: **(1) the pointed arch** — **directing thrust downward more than outward**; **(2) the ribbed vault** — **gathering loads at defined points rather than spreading them along the wall**; **(3) the flying buttress** — **propping those points from outside**. ✅ **The result**: ⚠ **the wall no longer carries anything** — **so it can become glass**; ✅ **hence the vast windows, the stained glass and the enormous height**. ✅ **How to tell them at a glance**: **round arch = Romanesque, pointed arch = Gothic**; **thick wall and small windows = Romanesque, glass wall and height = Gothic**. ⚠ **And many churches hold both** — **begun Romanesque and finished Gothic**.